Isolation of Fisetin from Elaeagnus indica Serv. Bull. (Elaeagnaceae) with Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity

Abstract

Background: Eleaegnus indica is a medicinal straggling shrub, belongs to Elaeagnaceae family and reported as potent antimicrobial, anticancer and larvicidal properties. The prime aim of this study was focused on the isolation and characterization of the most active anti-oxidant principle from the acetone leaves extracts of E. indica. Methods: The chromatographic and spectral studies were performed in isolation of most active compound ‘Fisetin’ (a flavonol group) from E. indica. The isolated pure compound was tested for its antioxidant and antiproliferative property (on U-937 and HT-60 cell lines) by adopting standard protocols. Results: The active compound was isolated as yellowish amorphous powder. The structure of the compound was identified by various spectral analysis like LC-MS, CHNS anlysis, UV, FT-IR, 1D (¹H and ¹³C) and 2D NMR (HMBC and HSQC) analysis. The remarkable antioxidant activity was recorded in various assays like NO• (IC₅₀ 39.43 ± 0.28 μg/mL), •OH (IC₅₀ 43.91 ± 0.35 μg/mL), O2 •− (IC₅₀ 48.30 ± 0.67 μg/mL), DPPH• (IC₅₀ 70.32 ± 0.89 μg/mL) and FRAP (EC50 48.69 ± 1.05 μg/mL). The significant antiproliferative effect of the fisetin was noted on both U-937 (IC₅₀46. 75 ± 3.53 μg/mg) and HT-60 (IC₅₀ 59.46 ± 1.81 μg/mg) cell lines. Conclusion: The present investigation shows that isolated fisetin harbour high antioxidant and antiproliferative potential and provide strong scientific evidence for their medicinal uses, particularly antioxidant and anticancer properties.